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He has written about privacy and security for the bulk of that time and tested countless password managers. Andrew Cunningham spent more than six years testing, reviewing, and otherwise writing about computers, phones, operating systems, apps, and other gadgets for AnandTech and Ars Technica, and has done the same at Wirecutter since He has been building, upgrading, and fixing PCs for more than 15 years, and he spent five of those years in IT departments buying and repairing laptops and desktops as well as helping people buy the best hardware and software for their needs.

Passwords are as annoying as they are necessary, and a good password manager will keep you secure while making it easier to juggle the sheer number of passwords you need to be a person on the internet. If any of your passwords are weak and easy to guess, if you reuse any of your passwords across multiple sites, or if the sites you use are ever hacked and your account is compromised, you risk losing access to your accounts and your data.

In fact, if you reuse passwords, chances are good that your password is already out there on an easy-to-find database.

You can even check to see if your email address or password has been involved in a data breach. Password managers generate strong new passwords when you create accounts or change a password, and they store all of your passwords—and, in many cases, your credit card numbers, addresses, bank accounts, and other information—in one place, protecting them with a single strong master password.

If you remember your master password, your password manager can remember everything else, filling in your username and password for you whenever you log in to a site on your phone or computer.

Most password managers share the same basic features—they generate and store passwords. For this guide, we're focusing on the password managers that work best for individuals, rather than ones that can be deployed and managed by businesses.

To separate the great ones from the merely okay ones, we used the following criteria:. We also disqualified quite a few free options that imposed limits on the number of devices you could use or the number of passwords you could store. It has polished apps that work on just about any computer, tablet, phone, or web browser. We like how easy its Watchtower feature makes it to identify and change weak, reused, or compromised passwords, and 1Password walks you through correcting those problems in clear, easy-to-follow language.

Otherwise, the desktop apps are optional. We know password managers can seem overwhelming to set up, but we think everyone should use them, not just the technologically savvy.

You can quickly view and change saved passwords and other information. This is especially important for 1Password Families or Business accounts, where you might want to share the contents of one vault with other 1Password users while keeping other vaults private.

In all cases, the app offers straightforward directions for solving the problem. All versions of 1Password and Bitwarden support logging in with your face or fingerprint, depending on what biometric authentication options your computer, phone, or tablet offers. We recommend using this feature on iOS and Android especially, where typing in a long master password multiple times a day will cost you time and annoy you. When you set up a 1Password family plan, you put your passwords and other information in your shared vault instead of your personal vault to give everyone else on your plan access.

But the local vault feature will be removed in the upcoming version of 1Password. If you prefer standalone software and no cloud syncing, we have suggestions below. No password manager we tested was free of these types of little peculiarities, and 1Password was less glitchy than most. On iPhone and iPad, 1Password offers two methods to access your passwords, either through the Safari extension or the autofill menu.

The Safari extension makes it so 1Password works the same on mobile devices as on desktop, which works great on the iPad if you use the Safari browser , but is difficult to navigate on the smaller screen of an iPhone. We had the best luck sticking to the autofill menu on iPhone and using the extension on iPad. Bitwarden currently only offers an autofill option. By default, the 1Password app and browser extension lock your account after your computer is idle for 10 minutes.

In the dropdown box that says "Automatic" or "Manual", set it to Disabled and then click on "Apply" d. Then click on "Stop" to stop the service from running in the current session e.

Then go into device manager and remove any 4to6 adapters, WUN miniport adapters, or tunnel adapters. NOTE: You should do this for each network connection. However, serious problems might occur if you modify the registry incorrectly. Therefore, make sure that you follow these steps carefully. For added protection, back up the registry before you modify it. Then, you can restore the registry if a problem occurs.

To do this, follow these steps: a. Click Start, type "regedit" in the Start Search box and then click "regedit" in the Programs list. If you are prompted for an administrator password or for confirmation, type your password, or click Continue.

In this registry path, click the GUID subkey that corresponds to the network adapter that is connected to the network. In the Value data box, type 1 and then click OK. Close Registry Editor. Driver installation test 2. Best SSDs for Gaming. Best Budget Speakers. Best Mobile Hotspots. Best Speakers. Best Ergonomic Mice. Photography Lighting Kits. Best Smart Sprinkler Controllers. Reader Favorites Best Linux Laptops. Best Wi-Fi Routers. Awesome PC Accessories.

Best Wireless Earbuds. Protect my computer with award-winning antivirus. Keep me safe from attacks that demand a ransom to unlock my data. Enable me to shop and bank online knowing that my transactions are safe. Keep my home network safe across all connected smart devices. Safely store and prefill my passwords so that I don't have to remember them. Encrypt my photos so nobody else can see them. Keep me safe from attacks demanding a ransom to unlock my data.

Keep my data protected from apps that access it without permission. Keep my network safe across all the connected devices. Keep my network safe and let me manage it by myself. Keep my computer in a good shape with a small system footprint. All-in-one internet security for your Mac , including personal firewall and parental control. Fast, effective protection for your Mac against malware and phishing.

Comprehensive protection for your Android smartphone or tablet, including Proactive Anti-Theft. Keep your kids safe online with our child-friendly app — includes child locator and much more.

This will ensure you can easily retrieve them should your entire system become compromised. This will determine what encryption method you use. Read To encrypt or not to encrypt files and folders in Windows?

EFS also does not protect files from being deleted unless you have used Windows permissions to protect it. You cannot encrypt a compressed file or folder with EFS; you need to extract the contents first.

Related: Encryption Resources: A big list of tools and guides. BitLocker encrypts an entire volume on your hard drive or a removable device , no matter who is logged in.

To unlock a drive that is protected with BitLocker, anyone wanting access must enter a password or use a USB drive that unlocks the PC when it is inserted.

BitLocker uses trusted platform module TPM hardware. A TPM chip enables your device to support advanced security features. For instance, when encryption is only at the software level, access may be vulnerable to dictionary attacks. Because TPM is at the hardware level, it can protect against guessing or automated dictionary attacks.

You can use BitLocker without a TPM chip by using software-based encryption, but it requires some extra steps for additional authentication. Any individual or app that does not have the key cannot open encrypted files and folders. Rather than encrypting your entire drive, EFS allows you manually to encrypt individual files and directories. It works by making encrypted files available only if the user who encrypted the files is logged in.

Windows creates the encryption key, which is itself encrypted and saved locally. The encryption process is easy but not very secure it is possible, although difficult, for an attacker to hack the key. It is also advisable to use a strong login password that other users of your PC cannot guess. Some experts advise to just use BitLocker as it is more secure. However, it does depend on your personal circumstances. For home users, EFS may well be sufficient protection from nosy family members.

You will have to upgrade or use a third-party app to encrypt your data. For other editors of Windows, the basic process is the same; it is just the look-and-feel of the interface that is a bit different. Note: To encrypt your files and folders, you need to be comfortable navigating your OS, e.

You can choose to unlock your drive during startup by inserting a USB flash drive or entering a password. The process to encrypt an entire hard drive is time-consuming. Depending on the amount of data you have stored, it can take a long time, so make sure your computer is connected to an uninterrupted power supply for the duration.

You will need to reboot for changes to take effect but you can work while the drive is being encrypted. See the section on 5 free encryption apps for Windows you can use with Home editions below. The most common problem with some Windows editions is that sometimes when attempting EFS encryption, the Encrypt contents to secure data option is grayed out. If you are running a Windows OS Home edition, your only options are to upgrade to a Pro or Enterprise edition or use third-party software to encrypt your files.

Here are some suggestions you can try to solve the problem in other versions:. Note: Ensure you back up your files and registry before attempting these fixes. Changes the file extension to a. AXX suffix, and the file can only be opened with AxCrypt if you provide the password used to encrypt it. The software is very intuitive to use and is invoked from its own sub-menu in Windows Explorer.